How I Learned a Foreign Language

Along with my recent posts about teaching a foreign language, I thought I would post how I learned Spanish. I am proficient in Spanish, but more so in reading and writing the language than in speaking it. Fast conversation with native speakers is my weak point, although I have been to Spanish-speaking countries and, to some extent, navigated us through the trips speaking Spanish.

(Note: Spanish speakers are often very considerate of foreign speakers without us necessarily even knowing it. Especially, my sister and I noticed, in Ecuador, people speak clear and slow Spanish to foreigners.)

Elementary School

My first exposure to Spanish was a weekly elective in first grade. After first grade, my family moved to another state and I don't think I was taught much Spanish until I chose it as an elective in high school. I remember learning colors and numbers and the letters of the Spanish alphabet.

However, I had a high confidence level that I knew some Spanish and could learn more due to that early first experience. See my discussion of that point in my first post about teaching foreign languages to children. 

High School

I chose Spanish as an elective for at least two years. I'm afraid I can't remember if I took more than two years of elective Spanish. Two years was basically a requirement for getting into a liberal arts college or university. On top of using it as a requirement, I was also excited to learn more of the language that I had started learning as a young child.

College

I knew I wanted to take more Spanish in college. After earning lots of credits and slowly becoming able to use the language in more sophisticated ways, I decided to turn it into an official concentration along with my major in Psychology. I was able to write short stories, essays, and academic papers in Spanish through the Spanish Composition courses I took, and able to converse a little bit and improve my pronunciation and vocabulary through Spanish Speaking courses.

This education made me competent to travel in Spanish-speaking countries, especially because I could ask for things and answer some questions without knowing a whole lot of idiomatic language and without being all that fast. My greatest test came when I had to try to speak to the police about a stolen purse! I can't say I was completely successful in that specialized situation, but they were able to use a little bit of English with us as well.

This brings me to where I am now. I am able to read and write Spanish better than speak it conversationally. If I pass people having a normal-paced conversation in Spanish, I only catch about half of it. I would have to brush up in order to speak it in a conversation.

Because of my academic and traveling background, my weaknesses could be dealt with pretty easily through traveling to a Spanish-speaking country again for a period of time or challenging myself to speak only Spanish in conversation with Spanish speakers on a regular basis.

What were your experiences with learning a foreign language?

What We Do for Foreign Language Learning

Yesterday, I posted some research about teaching children a foreign language. There is no doubt in my mind that learning one or more foreign languages is good for children. Usually, it is easy and enjoyable for them as well. No wonder so many parents want their children to learn another language.

My husband and I are no different. We think it is practical and mind-broadening to learn a foreign language. So far, the most practical option for us is Spanish, because so many people speak it in the United States and because I am somewhat proficient in it.

More and more, in my reading of literature, I wish I knew French so I could get more out of the quotes and references in some books. My Spanish gives me huge advantages in that regard, but I would love to get the French references, too. I would also love to know Japanese, at least in some small measure...but that is one of the hardest languages for English-speakers to learn!

What We Do

If we had not recently moved, we would have been placing our oldest child in a kindergarten dual language program that provided partial immersion in Spanish. That is not an option for us anymore.

At this point, I don't plan to try even partial immersion at home. Our son will be going to public school this year. We do plan to supplement his learning, but we won't have many hours available to do it. (I'm thinking three and a half to four hours home learning time per week, at the most.) Immersion seems to be out.

So, we do the following things:

1.) TV Shows and Games

Every once in a while, we watch children's programs or play computer games that involve Spanish or Chinese words. (You probably know which popular TV shows I'm talking about.) We have even watched entire documentaries in Spanish.

Other ideas to try are renting the Spanish version of movies we already know, writing letters or talking to a friend who speaks Spanish, or turning on the Spanish subtitles on DVDs.

2.) Vocabulary

We have a calendar written in Spanish so we can read off the day and date in Spanish. There is a small section for the day's weather so we can also talk about that in Spanish. I made the calendar following the instructions at Children's Learning Activities, but substituted the Spanish words.

I also have some homemade flash cards with simple English-Spanish words. I have the English word on one side and the Spanish word, with a picture of what it is, on the other side. In addition to easy vocabulary words, I made some for the numbers 1-10 and for major colors.

I don't often incorporate these into our daily learning, after introducing them one week. I leave them handy and my toddler likes to bring them out and "play" with them. I teach him the words at those times and he thinks it is great fun. So does my preschooler, who has an amazing capacity for remembering vocabulary, whether it is in English or Spanish or another language.

By the way, that capacity is one of my major motivators for exposing him as much as possible to foreign language. If it's going to be that effortless, why not? I think a lot of parents feel this way.

Other things I want to try are having entire (short) conversations in Spanish after learning a little more vocabulary, and having a Spanish day a few times a year when we eat "Spanish" foods, listen to Spanish music, watch Spanish entertainment, and speak only in Spanish as much as we are able to. Unfortunately, my husband won't be able to speak for very long using only Spanish, but it is amazing how much Spanish anyone living in the United States knows. Especially food words. :)

3.) Music

This category is similar to TV shows, movies, and games. On the one hand, this can be a fun and easy way to learn some Spanish, especially if we listen to familiar children's songs in Spanish. On the other hand, popular music in another language tends to be challenging because it uses idioms, "regular" pronunciation rather than the careful speech of someone teaching a language, and different phrasing due to it being sung rather than spoken. It can be a good strengthener of language learning and/or an easier way to memorize some Spanish.

We have a CD of Spanish children's songs called 50 Kids Grande Spanish Songs that are popular English nursery rhyme songs. The children love listening to them and even singing to them.
 
                                               


Other ideas to try are listening to Spanish stations on the radio and borrowing from the library or buying music that is Spanish in origin. Those will be more typical of the native language than music that is marketed to English speakers.

4.) People

Before we moved, we had local friends who spoke Spanish fluently as well as a Spanish-speaking neighbor, so that was our fun exposure to the language. I am sure it is only a matter of time before we have similar resources here, in the form of foreign language teaching that is the most effective: talking to people who speak the language!

Learning Foreign Languages

Teaching a foreign language (or languages) to young children is different from teaching older children and adults. According to the American Educational Research Association article "Foreign Language Instruction: Implementing the Best Teaching Methods" (see citation below*), young children learn foreign languages best by almost total immersion. Older children and adults learn fastest and best by learning the grammar rules and vocabulary of the language.

Surprisingly, according to this article, teenagers and adults can learn a foreign language faster (in terms of total hours of instruction) than younger children. A major difference in learning for younger children is that when they are surrounded by a foreign language, they pick it up with ease and may acquire better pronunciation than older learners.

There are a few common ways that children are taught foreign language in the United States.

Dual Language Programs

Dual language programs are often close to total immersion. Children are taught all, or almost all, subjects in the foreign language. There is almost no English spoken at all.

A program in a Jacksonville, Florida, elementary school has children spending one half of the school day in one classroom using only the foreign language and the other half of the day in a classroom using English. Academic subjects are rotated so the same lessons are taught in both languages, but on different days. Half of the students are native speakers of the foreign language, so their immersion experience is in the English classroom. No matter which classroom they are in, half of the class are native speakers and half are learning the language.

These programs work best if the children enter them before second grade, and often they are not allowed to enter such a program if they miss entrance in kindergarten.

Even children in immersion programs will need more instruction at an older age in grammar, vocabulary, conversation, and pronunciation.

Native speakers of a language other than English always experience immersion in a foreign language if they attend school in the United States, of course. At school and in other interactions, they must use English, where at home they often use their native language - although their parents may make a rule that they also use English at home.

Electives

Many schools or parents teaching at home use the elective approach to teaching a foreign language. This method means that the language is taught, mainly through vocabulary at the younger ages, on an occasional basis or for only up to a few hours per week.

With this method, children learn how to give greetings and talk about the weather, clothing, colors, numbers, and perhaps even common phrases that can be used in places like restaurants or libraries.

I don't believe that this amount of learning is very important to learning how to actually speak another language. I do believe, however (and the article backs me up), that it teaches children confidence in learning other languages. It is also - usually - a fun way to learn another language, so it can add to their motivation when these children want to learn more at an older age.

These children will have to learn more about grammar, pronunciation, conversation, and vocabulary if they want to actually speak the language.

Games and Media

There are now video, computer, and online games and videos that purport to teach children a foreign language. There are also VERY popular children's TV shows that teach vocabulary and phrasing throughout each episode.

In my opinion, these tools for language learning do the same thing as the elective method. They add to motivation by making the learning fun and desirable. They give exposure to the language so that children might feel confident about their ability to learn a foreign language in the future.

I have not seen research that shows children truly learning to speak a foreign language through media alone. Please feel free to share in the comments if you know of other research.

Older Children and Adults

The American Educational Research Association article includes a graph showing the number of hours of instruction English-speaking adults will need to learn a foreign language. The numbers are: 600 hours for a language similar to English (they mention Dutch, French, and Spanish), 1,300 hours for a language "different from English (e.g., Farsi, Russian, and Urdu)," and 2,200 hours for a language "far from English" like Arabic, Chinese, and Japanese.

College Instruction

One of the most interesting statistics in the article is the fact that a normal year-long college course in a foreign language is only 180 hours of instruction a year at the most.

That's three years to learn an "easy" language and twelve years for an extremely difficult one!

Based on these numbers, I would suggest that college students who want to learn a foreign language should minor in the language if it is a more similar-to-English language and major in it if it is dissimilar.

Learning Outside of College

What should you do if you are a teenager or adult who did not take or is not taking foreign language instruction in college? First, find the motivation that will allow you to commit yourself to 600 hours of instruction in a language that is close to English or 1,300 hours in a language that is different from English. If you are a native English speaker who wants to learn a language that is extremely different, such as Arabic, Chinese, or Japanese, commit yourself to 2,200 hours of instruction and study. Then, visit a place where that language is spoken to solidify your learning and reward your study.

Advantages to Any Exposure to Foreign Language

I want to make it clear that I don't think any of these methods of foreign language instruction is a bad method. They have different advantages. Any exposure to a foreign language or culture is helpful in broadening a child's (or adult's) perspective. That kind of learning is priceless.

And to be very practical about it, knowledge of any words at all in another language can 1) make a person good company when other speakers of that language are around, 2) enliven conversation, and 3) help a person to read books and other materials that quote or draw from other languages.

*American Educational Research Association, "Foreign Language Instruction: Implementing the Best Teaching Methods," Research Points (Spring 2006).

Twelve Fun Ways To Teach After School

1. Coach or help with a child's sport or activity.
2. Enter a parent-child contest together. Some dance studios feature parent-child performances. Or does a moonbots challenge sound more up your alley?
3.  Read the book I Love Dirt: 52 Activities to Help You and Your Kids Discover the Wonders of Nature, by Jennifer Ward. Pick your favorite activities and do them.
4. Plan a trip to the zoo. Or anywhere, really. Use Notebooking Fairy's K-W-L worksheet to help your children think about what they already know about the place, what they want to know, and, later, what they learned. 
5. Make homemade applesauce together. Be sure to ask ahead of time what ingredients you will need. (It's fun to think of making something out of just two or three ingredients.)
6. Make up a new language with your child, or a written code just between you.
7. Make a special field trip out of your child's passion. For my son, that would be a trip to a Medieval Times Dinner and Tournament or another tour of Narnia: The Exhibition.
8. Set up an email address for your children and help them compose emails back and forth to grandparents or other relatives or family friends.
9. Play Music-Back-And-Forth. First your child gets to choose a song to play - the louder the better. Next it's your turn to play a song you really like. Repeat. The last person to stop dancing is the winner.
10. Make up a story together. Someone starts it with a few sentences, then lets the other person continue the story for another few sentences. Take turns. You may want to have someone else typing or recording your shared story for posterity.
11. Announce Spanish Week (or any other language you want). All DVDs must be watched in Spanish or with Spanish subtitles. Try to listen to Spanish music all week. Make recipes all week long from the cuisine of Spanish-speaking countries.
12. Start a Charlotte Mason Book of Centuries. From now on, whenever you talk about, hear about, or read about something interesting happening on a certain date, enter it in the Book of Centuries.